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El Chal is a pre-Columbian Maya archaeological site located in the upper San Juan River valley of the southeastern Petén Basin region, Guatemala. The site is situated approximately to the north of the modern town of Dolores, near the contemporary village settlement of the same name, lying some to the south. El Chal was occupied from approximately 300 BC through to 1300 AD (from the Late Preclassic through to the Early Postclassic Periods of Mesoamerican chronology),〔 although some Middle Preclassic activity has been identified in the acropolis.〔 The Late Preclassic occupation of the city was concentrated around an E-Group ceremonial complex some north of the later site core.〔Quezada et al 1998, pp.3, 11-12.〕 The site's major period of occupation was during the Late Classic Period, when it was an important centre in the southeastern Petén region.〔Laporte 2005, p.212.〕 Among the structures at the site is a large quadrangular residential complex, a structural type that is uncommonly found at Southern Maya lowland sites although there is a smaller one with similar characteristics at Machaquilá. very little restorative work has been undertaken at the site. The archaeological site is protected by the Guatemalan Instituto de Antropología e Historia.〔Morales 1995, p.493.〕 ==Location== El Chal is located in the municipality of Dolores in the department of Petén in northern Guatemala.〔 El Chal is south of Flores, the departmental capital.〔Suasnávar 1998, p.354.〕 The archaeological site is within the southern area of a village also named El Chal,〔 to the south of the highway to Flores.〔Morales 1995, p.494.〕 The site is situated in the central Petén wet savanna in a well-drained area not subject to seasonal flooding.〔 The local topography is karstic in nature, and includes hills that support some of the city's architecture.〔Morales et al 1994, p.368.〕 El Chal is located within the valley of the San Juan River, which is a tributary of the Pasión River, at an altitude of above mean sea level.〔 The site is situated on a natural north-south communication route between the Maya Mountains and the central Petén region.〔 This route was used during the Colonial Period and was likely to have been inherited from pre-Conquest times.〔 Some of the major architecture of the site core is covered by secondary forest, including some large trees, while much of the city's remains lie within the modern village, including mounds of various sizes.〔Morales 1993, p.14.〕 Some mounds were destroyed in order to build the modern streets, in other cases the mounds were robbed of stone that was reused in modern construction.〔 There are also instances where modern houses have been built on top of ancient mound platforms.〔 Modern houses had previously also occupied the outskirts of the acropolis but were relocated during the Guatemalan Civil War in the late 20th century due to guerrilla activity.〔Morales 1993, p.15.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「El Chal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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